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France should apologise for its role in the Rwanda genocide
By Nile Gardiner World Last updated: February 26th, 2010
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Nicolas Sarkozy is a brave man for confronting France’s own demons regarding its role in the 1994 Rwanda genocide, when Hutu militias slaughtered more than 800,000 Tutsis in the space of just a hundred days. In an official visit to Kigali yesterday, the president made the first admission of guilt by a senior French politician over his country’s role during the genocide, breaking a long-standing code of silence on the matter, and opening up a huge can of worms. At a news conference, Sarkozy told reporters:
There was a serious error of judgment, a sort of blindness, when we didn’t foresee the genocidal dimensions of the government. Errors of assessment and political mistakes were made here, and they led to absolutely tragic consequences.
But Sarkozy did not go far enough in his comments, and was careful not to offer a direct apology to the victims of the genocide for France’s own role. As The Guardian reports:
But, keeping to the line normally held by Paris, he refused to take the opportunity to apologise for “political errors” by his country.” We are not here to have fun, to fiddle with vocabulary,” he said. “What happened here is unacceptable and what happened here forces the international community, including France, to reflect on the mistakes that prevented it from anticipating and stopping this terrible crime.”
Today Sarkozy, who came to power in 2007 promising a “rupture” with his country’s past role in Africa, stayed silent when a tour guide at the national history museum in Kigali evoked the responsibility of the French in front of a photograph caption reading: “France played a role in arming and training the Rwandan military forces.” Neither did the president react when the guide said of Kofi Annan, the former UN secretary general: “Him, he asked for forgiveness.”.
There remains tremendous anger in Rwanda over France’s culpability, fury which even drove the Francophone country to join the British Commonwealth in 2009 and adopt English as its official language. And with good reason. In 2008 the Rwandan government published a damning report accusing France of direct complicity in the genocide. Indeed, it is highly doubtful that the perpetrators of the mass killing would have escaped without French largesse. As I wrote at the time:
The Sarkozy administration should acknowledge and apologise for the role played by François Mitterrand’s government in providing safe haven for the Hutu militias responsible for the 1994 Rwandan genocide, the darkest episode of modern African history. The mass extermination in the killing fields of Rwanda must never be repeated, and it is important that the French government take responsibility for any part French officials played in protecting and even arming those who carried out the slaughter of 800,000 Tutsis.
The French are often the first to lecture the world on human rights, or condemn the use of force by other powers, but fail to acknowledge that their own foreign policy has often in the past been implemented with a callous disregard for human suffering.
President Sarkozy should not only apologise for France’s shameful role in the Rwanda slaughter and its aftermath, but urge his country’s political establishment to come clean over the whole affair, opening up the archives to reveal the full extent of France’s activities in Rwanda. He should also welcome a fully independent inquiry to interview key civil servants, politicians, military officers and witnesses, to once and for all put to rest the ghosts of French intervention in one of the most brutal episodes of the 20th Century.
А во 64та со белгијците убија минимум милион цивили...
From October 1990 French soldiers presence increased as a result of their operation code named NOROIT. The instructors later changed their mandate into a military operation.
During the NOROIT operation, Belgium soldiers lived with French soldiers in the above said camps.
"We were trained and armed by the French soldiers to clean up the common enemy, the Tutsi," Bosco Habimana told the Mucyo commission which was tasked by the government to probe the French role in the genocide against the Tutsi.
The same training took place at Mukamira and Bigogwe training wings which trained the Commandos and Interahamwe hand in hand. However, the eye witness claims that Belgian soldiers trained the commandos while the French soldiers trained the militias.
From January 22 to June, 1991 the Tutsi in Bigogwe were murdered in a Ruhengeri camp known as Muhoza. And by February 1991 the Bagogwe massacre extended to Bigogwe as the militias training continued of course to be carried out by French soldiers.
According to General Jean Varret, the Cooperation Chief, the French government knew what was going on in Rwanda.
When Gen. Varret was summoned by the French Parliament on the Rwanda mission, he admitted that junior officers carried out the militia training in Rwanda.
A Human Rights Watch (HRW) report and the book entitled AUCUN TEMOIN NE DOIT SURVIVRE page 146.
The HRW authored book revealed how French government knew what was going on their mission.
Did the Belgian soldiers know what was going on? I mean the trainings, the killings of the innocent Tutsi civilians called Abagogwe assisted by French soldiers.
It is something hard for one to chew since the Belgian army lived with the French in the same camps. It's when the killings were denounced by the Human Rights Watch (HRW) that the government of Belgium ordered the investigations on what is said on the French. The reports were sent to the Belgium government.
"The reports you want are classified, unless the court in Belgium orders the government to reveal them," a reliable source inside the Belgium embassy in Rwanda, said.
Speaking to The Sunday Times, Jean de Dieu Mucyo, the Executive secretary of the National commission against Genocide in his Remera office, said that Sergeant Peter Davis who was working at the Belgium embassy in Kigali wanted to testify on what he saw during the Bagogwe massacre and the role of France.
Unfortunately, the embassy requested a written document containing the list of the people whom the commission needed to interview.
"We delivered the document requesting some people from Belgium, to our surprise Sergeant Peter Davis whom we requested for was recalled by the Belgium government," Mucyo revealed.
According to Mucyo, Sgt. Davis had volunteered to give the whole testimony on the French role in the massacre.
The Belgian government turned down the commission's requests when the government applied to interview some of the officials who were in Rwanda during the Genocide.
"We channelled our written requests through the Belgian embassy in Kigali and after our first letter (dated February 5) went unanswered, we followed it up with another one on March 12 only to get a reply that we cannot interview officials who are still serving either in military or political circles," Mucyo told reporter s on April 26, 2007.
In 2007the former Belgium ambassador to Rwanda Francois Roux said that he was going to meet President Kagame and discuss about the matter. According to other sources, Mucyo and four other people met the sergeant in the house of a lady called Claire Maziyateke.
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Could the discussion with the Mucyo commission be connected to Sgt. Davis' recalling by his country? Whatever it is, Mucyo said Belgians should know something about those massacres.
"He is a Belgian soldier, who lived with the French instructors and he wanted to tell us what he knew of the role of the French. It is so unfortunate that the Belgium embassy did not cooperate," Mucyo noted.
The inside source in the Belgium embassy said that Sgt Davis was recalled in February 2007 because he was among the people on the list the commission wanted to testify yet Belgium doesn't want anything that may bring them back into the Genocide dossier.
Should one conclude that the Belgium genuinely knew nothing of the massacres or could they just be sweeping the dust under the carpet? Maybe some further digging needs to be done if the Bagongwe and all genocide victims are to rest in peace.
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France apologizes for 1994 Rwandan genocide
Updated on Thursday, February 25, 2010, 23:34 IST Tags:France, apology, rawandan genocide
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United Nations: French President Nicholas Sarkozy has admitted the mistakes made by France during the 1994 genocide in Rwanda as he became the first French leader to visit the African country since the shocking massacre.
Around 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed within 100 days, in most cases by crude instruments like clubs and machetes, during the 1994 genocide in Rwanda.
"We are not here to have fun, to fiddle with vocabulary," Sarkozy said adding, "What happened here is unacceptable the international community, including France, to reflect on the mistakes that prevented it from anticipating and stopping this terrible crime."
While meeting his Rwandan counterpart Paul Kagame Sarkozy admitted that both France and the international community were at fault while providing help to the Tutsis.
Rwandans believe that France supported Hutus attack on Tutsis by training and arming Hutu extremists an allegation vehemently denied by Paris.
PTI
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