Стоп.
Прво имунобиолошките се различни од популационите па не мешајте.Се работи за мутација на генот која се случила во минатото кај еден заеднички предок и таа мутација е уникатна и неповторлива кај машката ДНК.Значи врз основа на тој уникатен настан се креирани групи наречени хаплогрупи.
Постои една специфична хаплогрупа која чисто идентификува антрополошки тип.Тоа е групата И1б која целосно се совпаѓа со Динарскиот аантрополошки тип.Овој антрополошки тип до генетиката се сметаше за мутација на медитеранскиот и алпинскиот.Генетиката откри дека Динарскиот е генски тип со најголема старост во Европа.Тој тука постоел многу десеттици илјади години пред да дојда Медитеранците и Алпинците а се претпоставува дека бил носител на Граветската култура.
Антрополошките истражувања на остатоците на некрополите во Македонија до доаѓањето на Римјаните
покажуваат исклучиво Динарски антрополошки типови на скелети и никакви други.Македонија може да направи генетска анализа,но буквално е непотребна денес таква анализа.Самите кранијални мерки се доволен индикатор да
сите тие скелети се од генетската хаплогрупа И1б затоа што се Динароиди и тоа по дефиниција.
Што се однесува до шпекулациите за повеќекратни потомства и тоа не држи вода.Никој нема двајца татковци туку еден и по дефиниција таа врска оди до предокот кој е креатор на мутацијата која ја дефинира таа хаплогрупа.
Да го парафразирам будалата Венко Маркоски со изреката
Крвта вода не станува...ама кога пијаш Бугарска ракија се е можно..или не?
Тој се направи Бугарин со сила,како што многумина се прават се и сешто а не тоа што се.Внук му деновиве направи ДНК анализа и ова го извадов од неговиот блог.Бугарин е жими стапов...
Sunday, June 1, 2008
My DNA
by Veni Markovski @ 16:42.
I did a research of my DNA from my Father’s side via the
Genographic Project of National Geographic.
The results may be surprising for some of the Bulgarian historians and scientists. I am copying some of them below, plus a map of the movement of my grand-grand-grand…parents to the Balkans.
My
Y-chromosome results identify me as a member of
haplogroup I1b.
The genetic markers that define my ancestral history reach back roughly 60,000 years to the first common marker of all non-African men,
M168, and follow my lineage to present day, ending with
P37.2, the defining marker of haplogroup
I1, and also with the marker
M26 (
I1b2).
If you look at the map highlighting my ancestors’ route (see below), you will see that members of haplogroup
I1b carry the following Y-chromosome markers:
M168 > M89 > M170 > P37.2
What’s a
haplogroup, and why do geneticists concentrate on the Y chromosome in their search for markers? For that matter, what’s a marker?
Each of us carries DNA that is a combination of genes passed from both our mother and father, giving us traits that range from eye color and height to athleticism and disease susceptibility. One exception is the Y chromosome, which is passed directly from father to son, unchanged, from generation to generation.
Unchanged, that is unless a mutation—a random, naturally occurring, usually harmless change—occurs. The mutation, known as a marker, acts as a beacon; it can be mapped through generations because it will be passed down from the man in whom it occurred to his sons, their sons, and every male in his family for thousands of years.
In some instances there may be more than one mutational event that defines a particular branch on the tree. This is the case for my haplogroup
I, since this branch can be defined by two markers, either
M170 or
P19. This means that either of these markers can be used to determine my particular haplogroup, since every individual who has one of these markers also has the other. Therefore, either marker can be used as a genetic signpost leading us back to the origin of my group, guiding the understanding of what was happening at that early time.
When geneticists identify such a marker, they try to figure out when it first occurred, and in which geographic region of the world. Each marker is essentially the beginning of a new lineage on the family tree of the human race. Tracking the lineages provides a picture of how small tribes of modern humans in Africa tens of thousands of years ago diversified and spread to populate the world.
A haplogroup is defined by a series of markers that are shared by other men who carry the same random mutations. The markers trace the path my ancestors took as they moved out of Africa. It’s difficult to know how many men worldwide belong to any particular haplogroup, or even how many haplogroups there are, because scientists simply don’t have enough data yet.
One of the goals of the five-year Genographic Project is to build a large enough database of anthropological genetic data to answer some of these questions. To achieve this, project team members are traveling to all corners of the world to collect more than 100,000 DNA samples from indigenous populations.
My Ancestral Journey: What Is Known Now
M89: Moving Through the Middle East
Time of Emergence: 45,000 years ago
Place: Northern Africa or the Middle East
Climate: Middle East: Semiarid grass plains
Estimated Number of Homo sapiens: Tens of thousands
Tools and Skills: Stone, ivory, wood tools
M170: Occupying the Balkans
Time of Emergence: 20,000 years ago
Place of Origin: Southeastern Europe
Climate: Height of the Ice Age
Estimated Number of Homo sapiens: Hundreds of thousands
Tools and Skills: Gravettian culture of the Upper Paleolithic
My ancestors were part of the M89 Middle Eastern Clan that continued to migrate northwest into the Balkans and eventually spread into central Europe. These people may have been responsible for the expansion of the prosperous
Gravettian culture, which spread through northern Europe from about 21,000 to 28,000 years ago.
- The Gravettian culture represents the second technological phase to sweep through prehistoric Western Europe. It is named after a site in La Gravette, France, where a set of tools different from the preceding era (Aurignacian culture) was found. The Gravettian stone tool kit included a distinctive small pointed blade used for hunting big game.
The Gravettian culture is also known for their voluptuous carvings of big-bellied females often dubbed “Venus” figures. The small, frequently hand-sized sculptures appear to be of pregnant women—obesity not being a problem for hunter-gatherers—and may have served as fertility icons or as emblems conferring protection of some sort. Alternatively, they may have represented goddesses.
These early European ancestors of yours used communal hunting techniques, created shell jewelry, and used mammoth bones to build their homes. Recent findings suggest that the Gravettians may have discovered how to weave clothing using natural fibers as early as 25,000 years ago. Earlier estimates had placed weaving at about the same time as the emergence of agriculture, around 10,000 years ago.
The man who gave rise to marker M170, was born about 20,000 years ago and was heir to this heritage. He was probably born in one of the isolated refuge areas people were forced to occupy during the last blast of the Ice Age, possibly in the Balkans. As the ice sheets covering much of Europe began to retreat around 15,000 years ago, his descendants likely played a central role in repopulating northern Europe.
It’s possible that the Vikings descended from this line. The Viking raids on the British Isles might explain why the lineage can be found in populations in southern France and among some Celtic populations.
: Recolonizing Eastern Europe
Time of Emergence: 15,000 years ago
Place of Origin: Balkans
Climate: Ice Age Refugia
Estimated Number of Homo sapiens: One Million
Tools and Skills: Late Upper Paleolithic
My haplogroup,
I1b, is further defined by a marker known as
P37.2. This marker appeared in the Balkans about 15,000 years ago—and is still most commonly found there today.
The P37.2 marker likely distinguishes ancient human populations who migrated to Balkan refugia during the glacial maximum at the peak of the last ice age. With much of Europe locked up under frigid sheets of ice humans sought survival in isolated southern European regions that remained habitable.
During the ten thousand years that the ice sheets were at their maximum, individuals living outside of the warmer refugia would have been unable to survive and were thus effectively eliminated from the gene pool. This reduced the genetic diversity of the surviving human populations and helped those lucky lineages to become fixed at higher frequencies in subsequent generations.
When the glaciers finally began to recede, the I1b lineage expanded northward and eastward to repopulate Europe—and carried the marker P37.2 along for the ride. Evidence of these journeys can be seen by the marker’s significant presence in western Eurasia. Yet today Haplogroup I1b remains primarily a central and southeastern European lineage and is found in highest frequency in those regions.
This is what is know as of today.
I am checking regularly the National Geographic project page, and will keep this blog entry updated, as soon as there is new information.
Some thoughts:
Many Bulgarian historians claim that the Bulgarians came from Central Asia (see
Bulgars, and
Old Great Bulgaria, where they have had their state thousands of years ago. The known DNA so far doesn’t prove that there is a relation between the people who lived on the Balkans for tens of thousands of years, but shows there is link between the Central Asian and the Europeans. I guess we’ll know more as soon as there’s more data.
Publishing these results, I am sure that the Macedonians will use them to claim that they are something different from the Bulgarians (I am born in Skopie, the historians there in the last 60 years have claimed that the Macedonians are not related to the Bulgarians).
I think that the DNA can not be used to claim one’s nationality, but just to see where the tribes have been moving through the years, and I believe it is good for as many of my fellow Bulgarians to make the
National Geographic test, and publish the results.
The test costs about $ 100, and the results can be checked online.
It takes about two months to get them.
At this point, I am not sure how the DNA probes are being sent overseas, but there are plenty of Bulgarians in the USA and Canada, who can do that experiment. If you are a Bulgarian, and have done the test, please, publish your results somewhere, and link them to my blog entry. If you have not done the test, please, consider doing it.
Линкот е
http://blog.veni.com/?p=500
Чита кајгана ама не е регистриран. Имаме и ние влијание полека, полека на интернет.
