Bratot
Стоик и Машкртник!
Па баш ова му го посочив на АБЦ, на една друга тема:helou:
Треба човек да знае што копира!
Официјална посета на Македонците, во Македонија!
- Креатор на темата TpH_Bo_OkO
- Време на започнување
Па баш ова му го посочив на АБЦ, на една друга тема:helou:
Треба човек да знае што копира!
realen_07
Опозиционер
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Се извинувам за лапсузот....историчару. :smir:
nako
No1
ftopic:Дали на форумот е дозволено издрогирани ( ама ептен оздрогирани, не само мара попушиле ) да пишуваат???АБЦ нешто лично, од кога еН-Те-Ше не те собрал и да проверат што све не дрога користиш, впатем не мешај ги дрогите, лошо влијае на психата не се саде сите како Алхемичарот
ABC
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АБЦ нешто лично, од кога еН-Те-Ше не те собрал и да проверат што све не дрога користиш, впатем не мешај ги дрогите, лошо влијае на психата не се саде сите како Алхемичарот
Она “ептен оздрогирани“ ти остана како последица од последниот “крек“ или “спид“?
Па читај малку и други весници,не само то билтенот партијски ебаго,ѓоа романче со Алан Форд,па го прелистувате секојдневно.Ете тоа женчето во Време многу прецизно објаснува кој ќе ја организирал и финансирал посетата на Хунзите итоа 3-4 месеци порано пред да ви кажат во штабот дека ќе иде “царот“.Јас си мислев се заебава како секоја желна за сензации новинарка,ама излезе дека ја кажува вистината.:smir:
http://www.vreme.com.mk/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabindex=5&tabid=1&EditionID=1066&ArticleID=69969
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Антички Словен
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Стварно интересно е да се објасни таа информација што АБЦ ја пренесува од дневниот весник.
Некој повикан да објасни ?
Некој повикан да објасни ?
nako
No1
Не друже, тоа е остаток од 12 часовното шетање по Македонија ( впрочем ако не ја запозанеш својата земја, тогаш како ќе си ја сакаш ? )
Не ми дирај алан форд, дилан дог, марти мистерија, кен паркет оти наеба сварно :helou:, повеќето од нив ги имам и во електронска форма ако сакаш да ти пржам едно це де?
А бе јас знаев могу поодамна дека Марина Дојчиновска има отидено кај нив и ги има покането, ама ајт нека ти биде...
АААА те сватив што сакаш да кажеш, дека вонземљаните се кријат преку ове фирми Ротшилд и Нордерн секјуритис и каде ли да е ќе не нападнат, нешто како во филмот Тие се меѓу нас? види ги ти нив, па избрале име кое тешко се изговар да ги е**м.
Браво АБЦ, пред да си легнам ти турам една петка на раче:smir:
Vartolu
The Infamous Mobb
ABC,а задутре да му текни на Бранчета наш, онај Геровскион да напиши нешто што би било компромитирачко?И тоа ќе го презентираш како релевантен доказ?Зарем уште му веруваш на нашиве трагикомични новинарчиња, кои со малку мирис на пари под носето се ќе напишат?А и интересен ми си што во се бараш теорија на заговор..
ABC
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Абе кај виде вонземјани во Ротшилд,или ти личат на гуштери и Бубамари?Проблемот е во тоа што во меѓувреме тие станаа газди на 80% од она што може да се нарече Македонско стопанство.Се чудам како можело едно женче-новинарче да дознае неколку месеци пред сите кој ќе ја финансира акцијата “Македонскиот Цар од Пакистан“,или “врапчето и кажало“,а Гвујо да ве натера овде да ни продавате бубрези за мадиња дека кај Пакистанците одеднаш се створила неодолива патриотска желба да си ги побараат корените по 2-3 000 години потпомогнато баш од некој Ротшилд?Абе ај не заебавај,стварно не сме баш некој ептен паметни,ама да се отепате овде од просерување како тоа била некоја НВО акција,без партијско финасиски интереси е стварно блентаво и да поверувате дека толку сме лесноумни па некој Пакистанци ќе ги прифатиме за поголеми Македонци од Македонците во Македонија.
Пак ќе му порачам на Гвујо да ја смени поставата на “фабриката“ оти сите нивни идеи стануваат ептен прозирни а му ги подметнуваат некакви Ротшилди чии задни намери многумина од нас ептен добро ги знаат.
Абе очигледно е дека ова новинарчево не напишало ништо компромитирачко туку едноставно си ја кажало вистната со целосна и комплетна информација,онака наивно како што ја учеле да си кажува.
Единствен проблем е тоа што таа си дозволила да лиферува информации за кој си мислела дека никој нема ни да им обрне доволно внимание.Шо да ви речам,терајте како што мислите дека е најдобро кога е подготвено од Ротшилдови,само што веќе 20тина години тие ни “го кројат ќункот“ и како што гледам веќе ни го скроија со приврзаници како вас од обата позначајни Македонски политички блока.Единствено што ми преостанува е да ви честитам на успешно спроведување на планот Мојсеј-2,чии зацртани точки стануваат се повидливи а Македонците стануваат се понемоќни да си ја спречат голготата на која сме жестоко изложени.Респективно,но Ротшилд не се,и никогаш не биле заебанција.
Let 3
The Nipple Erector
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Rotsild go finansirase i osvojuvanjeto na Aleksandar Makedonski, a sega se cudis zosto Rotsild go organizira vrakjanjeto na Makedonskite kralevi vo Makedonija!
Poznato e deka Aleksandar nemal dostatno pari (zlato) da trgne vo osvojuvanje na Persija i svetot, pa zatoa Rotsild koj i samiot e Makedonec se ponudil da go finansira. Ne znam zosto sega od toa pravite tolkava fama i misterii.
Poznato e deka Aleksandar nemal dostatno pari (zlato) da trgne vo osvojuvanje na Persija i svetot, pa zatoa Rotsild koj i samiot e Makedonec se ponudil da go finansira. Ne znam zosto sega od toa pravite tolkava fama i misterii.
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Душава ми се полни кога ќе ги слушнам нашите од Пакистан како велат ние Македонците, нашата Македонија.
TpH_Bo_OkO
Трноризец
А на грците...гаќите. 
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Хаха.
Еј денес тужба имате ако во 22 не ја пуштите емисијата.
3 дена окапав пред ТВ.
И пикантерии сакам од престојот.
Де кажете нешто интересно, немојте да бидете себични.
Трн, ако сакате имам добра снимка од пречекот на аеродром.
Еј денес тужба имате ако во 22 не ја пуштите емисијата.
3 дена окапав пред ТВ.
И пикантерии сакам од престојот.
Де кажете нешто интересно, немојте да бидете себични.
Трн, ако сакате имам добра снимка од пречекот на аеродром.
TpH_Bo_OkO
Трноризец
Y-chromosomal evidence for a limited Greek
contribution to the Pathan population of Pakistan
Sadaf Firasat1, Shagufta Khaliq1, Aisha Mohyuddin1, Myrto Papaioannou2,
Chris Tyler-Smith3, Peter A Underhill4 and Qasim Ayub*,1
1Biomedical and Genetic Engineering Division, Dr. AQ Khan Research Laboratories, Islamabad, Pakistan; 2Unit of
Prenatal Diagnosis, Center for Thalassemia, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece; 3The Wellcome Trust Sanger
Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK; 4Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Three Pakistani populations residing in northern Pakistan, the Burusho, Kalash and Pathan claim descent
from Greek soldiers associated with Alexander’s invasion of southwest Asia. Earlier studies have excluded a
substantial Greek genetic input into these populations, but left open the question of a smaller
contribution. We have now typed 90 binary polymorphisms and 16 multiallelic, short-tandem-repeat (STR)
loci mapping to the male-specific portion of the human Y chromosome in 952 males, including 77 Greeks in
order to re-investigate this question. In pairwise comparisons between the Greeks and the three Pakistani
populations using genetic distance measures sensitive to recent events, the lowest distances were
observed between the Greeks and the Pathans. Clade E3b1 lineages, which were frequent in the Greeks
but not in Pakistan, were nevertheless observed in two Pathan individuals, one of whom shared a 16 Y-STR
haplotype with the Greeks. The worldwide distribution of a shortened (9 Y-STR) version of this haplotype,
determined from database information, was concentrated in Macedonia and Greece, suggesting an origin
there. Although based on only a few unrelated descendants, this provides strong evidence for a European
origin for a small proportion of the Pathan Y chromosomes.
European Journal of Human Genetics (2007) 15, 121–126. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201726; published online 18 October 2006
Introduction
Pakistan lies within a region that was invaded by Alexander
the Great in 327–323 BC,1 although archeological evidence
in northern Pakistan suggests that the Greek
influence predates this invasion.2 Many ethnically and
linguistically distinct populations inhabit this region, three
of which (Burusho, Kalash and the Pathan) claim to be
descendents of Greek soldiers who invaded the Indian
subcontinent.3–5 A preliminary study using a limited
number of Y-chromosomal markers found no evidence
for admixture between the Greeks and Burusho or Pathan,
and provided ambiguous evidence of genetic admixture
between the Greek and Kalash populations.6 A subsequent
analysis of autosomal loci gave no indication that the
Kalash or other populations were genetically related to the
Greeks,7 and in another study the Kalash population were
shown as a genetic isolate8 who might therefore have
developed unusual genetic characteristics by drift.9
The genetic material comprising the great bulk of the
patrilinearally inherited human Y-chromosome is effectively
haploid and does not undergo inter-chromosomal
recombination, making it useful for evolutionary studies
and forensic investigations.10 In particular, it can provide
very high resolution haplotypes with known phylogenetic
relationships, and these can reveal low levels of admixture
that would not be detected by other methods. In the
present study, we have further investigated the origin and
the genetic relationship of these three Pakistani populations
with the extant Greek population by typing a large
set of markers from the male-specific region of the Y
chromosome in 77 Greeks and 875 Pakistani individuals,
and applying analytical methods that should be more
sensitive to low levels of admixture.
Materials and methods
DNA samples
DNA samples of 952 unrelated males were analyzed in this
study. The DNA was extracted directly from peripheral
blood mononuclear cells in case of the Greek samples
(n¼77) and from EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell
lines for the Pakistani samples (n¼875). The Pakistani
samples included Burusho, Kalash and Pathan individuals.
Informed consent was obtained from all participants in
this study.
Genotyping
All samples were typed for 90 binary markers11 following a
phylogenetic hierarchical approach to define evolutionary
Y lineages or haplogroups.10 The markers and the method
used for their genotyping are listed in Table 1. In addition,
16 multiallelic Y-STR (short-tandem-repeat) markers were
analyzed in these populations by three multiplex PCR
reactions12,13 to identify Y haplotypes.
Results
The Y-chromosomal lineages and their frequencies in the
Greeks, Burusho, Kalash, Pathan and the rest of the
Pakistani population are shown in Figure 1. The combination
of biallelic markers identified 12 Y-chromosomal
haplogroups or lineages in the Greeks, 17 in the Burusho
and 15 in the Pathan populations. Only eight Y lineages
were found in the Kalash population. Principal component
analysis of Y haplogroup frequencies incorporating published
data from European20 and West Asian21,22 populations
(Figure 2) revealed that the Pakistani populations
cluster together, separately from the Europeans, consistent
with the previous conclusion that none of the Pakistani
populations had a large male contribution from Greece,
and demonstrating that this conclusion was not an artifact
of the low phylogenetic resolution used before.
The genetic distances between the populations were then
calculated using measures that are more sensitive to recent
events (Table 2). Pakistani–Greek population pairwise FST
values based on the variation of STRs within haplogroups6
ranged from 0.131 to 0.213, with the lowest value between
the Pathan and the Greeks. Pairwise r genetic distances
(the number of steps between a haplotype in one population
and the closest haplotype in the second population,
averaged over all comparisons)15 ranged from 4.3 to 8.1,
with the lowest value again between the Pathan and the
Greeks. Phylogenetic analysis using the matrix of r genetic
distances between populations with tree validation carried
out by bootstrap resampling (10 000 replicates) also
demonstrated that of the three Pakistani populations, the
Pathans were closest to the Greek (Figure 3). These results
therefore suggest that there might have been a low degree
of recent Pathan–Greek admixture. To investigate this
possibility further, we have examined individual lineages.
Clade E lineages were more frequent in the Greeks (21%)
as compared to Pakistan (4%). The majority of haplogroup
E chromosomes belonged to clade E3b and all Greek and
Pakistani samples were resolved into the branches E3b1
(M78) and E3b3 (M123). Among the three Pakistani
populations claiming Greek descent, this clade was observed
only in the Pathans. The Pathan samples belonged
to clade E3b1 that constituted 17% of the Greek samples.
A median-joining network of clade E Y chromosomes
was constructed in order to examine the genetic relationship
between these Greek and Pathan samples. A duplication
of 10 and 13 repeat units was observed in the
clade-E-derived Y chromosomes for the trinucleotide
repeat DYS425 and this locus was, therefore, excluded
from the network. The most striking feature of this
network was the sharing of haplotypes between the Pathan
and Greek samples (Figure 4). One Pathan individual
shared the same Y-STR haplotype with three Greek
individuals, and the other Pathan sample was separated
from this cluster by a single mutation at the DYS436 locus.
This demonstrates a very close relationship between the
Pathan and Greek E lineages, but how surprising is this?
Worldwide data for the 16-element haplotype are not
available, but a subset of nine of the STRs are included in
Tunisia, West Africa and the Pathans. This gives a strong
indication of a European, possibly Greek, origin of these
Pathan Y chromosomes.
contribution to the Pathan population of Pakistan
Sadaf Firasat1, Shagufta Khaliq1, Aisha Mohyuddin1, Myrto Papaioannou2,
Chris Tyler-Smith3, Peter A Underhill4 and Qasim Ayub*,1
1Biomedical and Genetic Engineering Division, Dr. AQ Khan Research Laboratories, Islamabad, Pakistan; 2Unit of
Prenatal Diagnosis, Center for Thalassemia, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece; 3The Wellcome Trust Sanger
Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK; 4Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Three Pakistani populations residing in northern Pakistan, the Burusho, Kalash and Pathan claim descent
from Greek soldiers associated with Alexander’s invasion of southwest Asia. Earlier studies have excluded a
substantial Greek genetic input into these populations, but left open the question of a smaller
contribution. We have now typed 90 binary polymorphisms and 16 multiallelic, short-tandem-repeat (STR)
loci mapping to the male-specific portion of the human Y chromosome in 952 males, including 77 Greeks in
order to re-investigate this question. In pairwise comparisons between the Greeks and the three Pakistani
populations using genetic distance measures sensitive to recent events, the lowest distances were
observed between the Greeks and the Pathans. Clade E3b1 lineages, which were frequent in the Greeks
but not in Pakistan, were nevertheless observed in two Pathan individuals, one of whom shared a 16 Y-STR
haplotype with the Greeks. The worldwide distribution of a shortened (9 Y-STR) version of this haplotype,
determined from database information, was concentrated in Macedonia and Greece, suggesting an origin
there. Although based on only a few unrelated descendants, this provides strong evidence for a European
origin for a small proportion of the Pathan Y chromosomes.
European Journal of Human Genetics (2007) 15, 121–126. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201726; published online 18 October 2006
Introduction
Pakistan lies within a region that was invaded by Alexander
the Great in 327–323 BC,1 although archeological evidence
in northern Pakistan suggests that the Greek
influence predates this invasion.2 Many ethnically and
linguistically distinct populations inhabit this region, three
of which (Burusho, Kalash and the Pathan) claim to be
descendents of Greek soldiers who invaded the Indian
subcontinent.3–5 A preliminary study using a limited
number of Y-chromosomal markers found no evidence
for admixture between the Greeks and Burusho or Pathan,
and provided ambiguous evidence of genetic admixture
between the Greek and Kalash populations.6 A subsequent
analysis of autosomal loci gave no indication that the
Kalash or other populations were genetically related to the
Greeks,7 and in another study the Kalash population were
shown as a genetic isolate8 who might therefore have
developed unusual genetic characteristics by drift.9
The genetic material comprising the great bulk of the
patrilinearally inherited human Y-chromosome is effectively
haploid and does not undergo inter-chromosomal
recombination, making it useful for evolutionary studies
and forensic investigations.10 In particular, it can provide
very high resolution haplotypes with known phylogenetic
relationships, and these can reveal low levels of admixture
that would not be detected by other methods. In the
present study, we have further investigated the origin and
the genetic relationship of these three Pakistani populations
with the extant Greek population by typing a large
set of markers from the male-specific region of the Y
chromosome in 77 Greeks and 875 Pakistani individuals,
and applying analytical methods that should be more
sensitive to low levels of admixture.
Materials and methods
DNA samples
DNA samples of 952 unrelated males were analyzed in this
study. The DNA was extracted directly from peripheral
blood mononuclear cells in case of the Greek samples
(n¼77) and from EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell
lines for the Pakistani samples (n¼875). The Pakistani
samples included Burusho, Kalash and Pathan individuals.
Informed consent was obtained from all participants in
this study.
Genotyping
All samples were typed for 90 binary markers11 following a
phylogenetic hierarchical approach to define evolutionary
Y lineages or haplogroups.10 The markers and the method
used for their genotyping are listed in Table 1. In addition,
16 multiallelic Y-STR (short-tandem-repeat) markers were
analyzed in these populations by three multiplex PCR
reactions12,13 to identify Y haplotypes.
Results
The Y-chromosomal lineages and their frequencies in the
Greeks, Burusho, Kalash, Pathan and the rest of the
Pakistani population are shown in Figure 1. The combination
of biallelic markers identified 12 Y-chromosomal
haplogroups or lineages in the Greeks, 17 in the Burusho
and 15 in the Pathan populations. Only eight Y lineages
were found in the Kalash population. Principal component
analysis of Y haplogroup frequencies incorporating published
data from European20 and West Asian21,22 populations
(Figure 2) revealed that the Pakistani populations
cluster together, separately from the Europeans, consistent
with the previous conclusion that none of the Pakistani
populations had a large male contribution from Greece,
and demonstrating that this conclusion was not an artifact
of the low phylogenetic resolution used before.
The genetic distances between the populations were then
calculated using measures that are more sensitive to recent
events (Table 2). Pakistani–Greek population pairwise FST
values based on the variation of STRs within haplogroups6
ranged from 0.131 to 0.213, with the lowest value between
the Pathan and the Greeks. Pairwise r genetic distances
(the number of steps between a haplotype in one population
and the closest haplotype in the second population,
averaged over all comparisons)15 ranged from 4.3 to 8.1,
with the lowest value again between the Pathan and the
Greeks. Phylogenetic analysis using the matrix of r genetic
distances between populations with tree validation carried
out by bootstrap resampling (10 000 replicates) also
demonstrated that of the three Pakistani populations, the
Pathans were closest to the Greek (Figure 3). These results
therefore suggest that there might have been a low degree
of recent Pathan–Greek admixture. To investigate this
possibility further, we have examined individual lineages.
Clade E lineages were more frequent in the Greeks (21%)
as compared to Pakistan (4%). The majority of haplogroup
E chromosomes belonged to clade E3b and all Greek and
Pakistani samples were resolved into the branches E3b1
(M78) and E3b3 (M123). Among the three Pakistani
populations claiming Greek descent, this clade was observed
only in the Pathans. The Pathan samples belonged
to clade E3b1 that constituted 17% of the Greek samples.
A median-joining network of clade E Y chromosomes
was constructed in order to examine the genetic relationship
between these Greek and Pathan samples. A duplication
of 10 and 13 repeat units was observed in the
clade-E-derived Y chromosomes for the trinucleotide
repeat DYS425 and this locus was, therefore, excluded
from the network. The most striking feature of this
network was the sharing of haplotypes between the Pathan
and Greek samples (Figure 4). One Pathan individual
shared the same Y-STR haplotype with three Greek
individuals, and the other Pathan sample was separated
from this cluster by a single mutation at the DYS436 locus.
This demonstrates a very close relationship between the
Pathan and Greek E lineages, but how surprising is this?
Worldwide data for the 16-element haplotype are not
available, but a subset of nine of the STRs are included in
Tunisia, West Africa and the Pathans. This gives a strong
indication of a European, possibly Greek, origin of these
Pathan Y chromosomes.
- Член од
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- 338
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E3b e atestirana posredno deka e Trakiska haplogrupa,a denes ima najgolema frekfencija na Kosovo,Zapadna Makedonija,kaj Arvantite vo Grcija.Vo Anglija kade shto imalo Trakiski garnizoni vo Rimskata vojska e denes prisutna,ja ima vo italija kade sto golem broj Trakijci bile doneseni kako Robovi ,a ima i Paleo-genetsko ispituvanje na Trakiski skeletni grobni naodi od Juzna Romanija koj bile sporedeni so populaciite vo Evropa so ispituvanjata na MtDNK .Kaj onie deneshni najbliski potomci vo Evropa koj se pojavile kako bliski na Trakijcite od Romanija e napraveno i istrazuvanje na Y hromozomite i e najdeno deka se nositeli na haplogrupata E3b.
Kaj Hunzite ima do sega nekolku ispituvanja i site tie pokazuvaat mnozinstvo na tipichni Azijski geni.Samata legenda na Hunzite se odnesuva na mal broj na vojnici od vojskata na Aleksandar i ne mislam deka ima nekakva bioloshka povrzanost sto moze da se dokaze.Vsushnost ima teorija deka vo situacii kako kaj Hunzite izoliranata haplogrupa najcesto se gubi vo tek od 500 godini.
Kaj Hunzite ima do sega nekolku ispituvanja i site tie pokazuvaat mnozinstvo na tipichni Azijski geni.Samata legenda na Hunzite se odnesuva na mal broj na vojnici od vojskata na Aleksandar i ne mislam deka ima nekakva bioloshka povrzanost sto moze da se dokaze.Vsushnost ima teorija deka vo situacii kako kaj Hunzite izoliranata haplogrupa najcesto se gubi vo tek od 500 godini.
ABC
“градител“
- Член од
- 24 февруари 2005
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- 193
Ама лесно може да воскресне за потребите на Ротшилдови.:smir: