Не знам од каде ги црпиш твоите истражувања, изгледа од туѓите мислења.
Но еве ти целосно мета истражување за ефектот на вежбање со тежини за млади деца.
Strength Training Myths
Numerous myths concerning strength training in children deserve discussion. One misunderstanding concerns strength training and growth plate injuries. Participation in almost any type of sport or recreational activity carries a risk of injury. A well-supervised strength training program has no greater inherent risk than that of any other youth sport or activity.
14 Initial concerns about youth strength training safety stemmed from the US Consumer Product Safety Commission’s National Electronic Surveillance System.
41 The data from 2006 included 22 956 injuries attributed to weight lifting or weight equipment for persons 8 to 19 years old. The context in which these injuries occurred (ie, supervision, technique, equipment use) was not recorded, which makes the data difficult to interpret. A well-designed strength training program following the recommended loads, sets, and repetitions appropriate for the young athlete’s age and body habitus should not excessively stress growth plates.
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31 Sports such as gymnastics and baseball, which involve repetitive impact and torque, provide a greater risk of epiphyseal injury.
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The rare case reports of epiphyseal plate fractures related to strength training are attributed to misusing equipment, lifting inappropriate amounts of weight, using improper technique, or training without qualified adult supervision.
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37 These factors emphasize the need for trained fitness professionals to teach correct form and monitor a logical progression of weight.
Similar to rare epiphyseal injuries, soft-tissue injuries to the lower back are usually the result of poor technique, too much weight, or ballistic lifts. Most serious injuries to the lower back occur while using free weights.
27 Participating in an organized, supervised strength training program can prevent these injuries
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14while favorably influencing bone growth and development in youth by increasing bone mineral density.
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Strength training at a young age can be beneficial, but it is not a panacea for sports-related injuries. There is no direct correlation between strength training and incidence or severity of injuries in young athletes. Participation in a conditioning program may, however, indirectly reduce the risk or severity of sports-related injuries.
Preventive exercise (prehabilitation) focuses on the strength training of muscle groups that are subjected to overuse in specific sports. For example, strengthening the rotator cuff and scapular muscles may reduce shoulder overuse injuries in overhead sports such as swimming.
13 Similarly, strengthening the hamstrings and quadriceps can reduce lower extremity injuries in football athletes.
23 Strength training can also help maintain flexibility with exercises that use the full range of motion.
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ACL injuries can be devastating to a young athlete. A simple strength training program alone may decrease an athlete’s risk of such injury.
28 Furthermore, strength training combined with plyometric exercises may reduce the incidence of sports-related ACL injuries in adolescent girls.
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Young athletes may strength-train because they believe it will improve their athletic performance. Although strength training may positively influence athletic performance, many other variables affect performance. Increased strength may improve motor skills—long jump,
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30 vertical jump,
45 30-m dash,
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30 squat jump,
11 and agility runs
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30—but may not directly improve performance. However, some studies have failed to show improvement in the vertical jump,
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45 40-yd sprint,
24 and flexibility.
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26 When improved sprint speed was seen, the increase was minimal when compared to the strength gain.
11 For example, a 52.0% gain in leg strength produced a 2.5% improvement in 30-m dash speed.
11 Strength training is not as effective in increasing anaerobic capacity when compared to repeated jumps or Wingate testing.
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Some studies, however, have demonstrated sport-specific improvement after strength training. An improvement in handball-throwing velocity in adolescent players has been seen with strength training.
21Swim times and event-specific gymnastic performance have improved following a resistance training program.
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A long-held belief by many clinicians was that strength training is not effective in children until they have significant levels of circulating testosterone, which is needed for muscle hypertrophy. Studies have demonstrated that children can improve strength by 30% to 50% after just 8 to 12 weeks of a well-designed strength-training program.
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45 In a study by Faigenbaum et al,
15 twice-weekly strength training in boys and girls between the ages of 7 and 12 years produced significant strength gains in the chest press (versus age-matched controls). Children gain strength through neural adaptations, not muscle hypertrophy.
35Strength training in children likely improves the number and coordination of activated motor neurons, as well as the firing rate and pattern.
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Prepubertal children and postpubertal adolescents respond to strength training differently; namely, adolescents are capable of greater absolute gains owing to higher levels of circulating androgens. Early physical training (not necessarily strength training) has produced an increased cross-sectional area of the erector spinae, multifidus, and psoas musculature, as documented on axial MRI studies, in comparison with age-matched nonathletic controls. Muscle cross-sectional area (adjusted for body mass) directly correlated with trunk flexion and extension strength. These findings suggest that long-term sports participation alone can lead to significant muscular hypertrophy and strength gains in young athletes.
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П.С моментално сум во план да вежбам со дете од 11 годишна возраст, така да според тебе е лошо и да се почне и да се прави склекови и згибови и секаков вид на отпор...
