soliden avion na Wikipedia go smetaat za eden od najdobrite i najkvalitetni avioni vo evropa succes...by the way..znam deka SOKO e proizvoditel no da ne imas informacii koj stoi zad nego(zastava ili mile dragik ili...)
eve go i TU-160 strasen ruski strategiski bombarder-amerite go smetaat za evtina kopija na B1 lancer(koj se dokaza dobro imeno od vkupnata tezina na isfrleni bombi vo irak 20% se tokmu od b1 a i drzi 43 svetski rekordi momentalno) eve gi i dvata pa presudete vie
eve go tu-160:[FONT=arial,helvetica]
DESCRIPTION:
Though the Tu-160 bears a strong resemblance to the American
B-1 bomber, particularly the cancelled B-1A, the Blackjack is far larger. In fact, the Tu-160 is the largest combat aircraft in the world. Like the B-1A, the Tu-160 is optimized to penetrate enemy air defenses at high altitude and supersonic speeds. [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] The Tu-160 maintains good handling and performance at both at low speeds and during supersonic flight thanks to variable geometry wings. The wing position is adjusted manually to three settings of 20° for takeoff and landing, 35° for transonic cruise, and 65° for high-speed flight. Also improving performance at low speeds are full-span leading edge slats and double-slotted flaps along the trailing edge. An unusual feature of the innermost section of flaps is that there is no slot in the fuselage for these devices to slide into when the wings are swept fully back. Instead, the flaps fold upward to align with the aircraft centerline and form a fence at the wing root of the Tu-160. [/FONT]
[FONT=arial,helvetica] The long slender fuselage of the Tu-160 provides room for a crew of four. The cockpit contains joysticks similar to those in fighters, but the Tu-160 does not have any electronic Heads-Up-Displays (HUDs) like most western aircraft. The long pointed nose contains a large terrain-following radar, and a fairing underneath the nose houses a video camera to assist in weapon targeting. The Tu-160 carries a large payload internally within two tandem bomb bays in the center fuselage. Each bay is normally fitted with a rotary launcher compatible with nuclear-tipped cruise missiles. [/FONT]
[FONT=arial,helvetica] Production of the Tu-160 began in the mid-1980s but was stopped prematurely following President Yeltsin's announcement in January 1992 that no further strategic bombers would be built. It is estimated that about 30 examples of the Tu-160 were completed by June 1994. Of this total, 19 ended up in Ukraine after the Soviet Union dissolved, 6 more were operational with the Russian Air Force, and another 6 test aircraft were kept at the Zhukovskii flight test center in various states of repair. Ukraine rarely flew the Blackjack aircraft it possessed and agreed to return its Tu-160 fleet to Russia in 1995. Only 15 of those built were estimated to be operational as of 2004. [/FONT]
[FONT=arial,helvetica] Besides the changing political climate, Blackjack operations have also been restricted by numerous development problems and parts shortages. Difficulties with flight controls, poor reliability of the engines and various onboard systems, as well as a lack of basic equipment for the aircrew and ground crew caused repeated problems early in the career of the Tu-160. Most aircraft were also delivered before the production configuration had been finalized, so no two aircraft are alike and components differ from plane to plane causing maintenace and serviceability to suffer. Surviving members of the Tu-160 fleet are due to undergo an upgrade program to carry more advanced cruise missiles, and a commercial derivative known as the Tu-160SK has also been discussed as a potential launch platform for a small rocket to low-Earth orbit. [/FONT]
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Last modified 04 March 2006
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HISTORY: [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica]
First Flight [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] 19 December 1981 [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica]
Service Entry
[/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] 25 April 1987
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CREW:
[/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] four: pilot, co-pilot, navigator/offensive weapons operator, navigator/EW and communications operator
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ESTIMATED COST:
[/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] unknown
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AIRFOIL SECTIONS: [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica]
Wing Root [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] unknown [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica]
Wing Tip [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] unknown
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DIMENSIONS: [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica]
Length [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] 177.50 ft (54.10 m) [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica]
Wingspan [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica]
unswept: 182.75 ft (55.70 m)
swept: 116.81 ft (35.60 m) [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica]
Height [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] 43.00 ft (13.10 m) [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica]
Wing Area [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] 3,870 ft2 (360.0 m2) [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica]
Canard Area
[/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] not applicable
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WEIGHTS: [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica]
Empty [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] 257,940 lb (117,000 kg) [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica]
Normal Takeoff [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] 589,955 lb (267,600 kg) [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica]
Max Takeoff [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] 606,260 lb (275,000 kg) [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica]
Fuel Capacity [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica]
internal: 326,285 lb (148,000 kg)
external: none [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica]
Max Payload
[/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] 36,000 lb (16,330 kg)
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PROPULSION: [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica]
Powerplant [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] four Samara/ Trud NK-321 afterburning turbofans [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica]
Thrust [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] 123, 370 lb (548.8 kN)
220,460 lb (980.6 kN) with afterburner
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PERFORMANCE: [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica]
Max Level Speed [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica]
at altitude: 1,380 mph (2,220 km/h) at 40,000 ft (12,200 m), Mach 2.05
at sea level: 640 mph (1,030 km/k)
cruise speed: 530 mph (850 km/h) at 30,000 ft (9,145 m), Mach 0.77 [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica]
Initial Climb Rate [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] 13,780 ft (4,200 m) / min [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica]
Service Ceiling [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] 52,495 ft (16,000 m) [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica]
Range [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] 6,650 nm (12,300 km) [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica]
Endurance [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] 15 hr [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica]
g-Limits [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] +2
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ARMAMENT: [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica]
Gun [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] none [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica]
Stations [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] two internal bomb bays [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica]
Air-to-Surface Missile [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] up to 12 Kh-55/AS-15 'Kent', up to 24 Kh-15P/AS-16 'Kickback' cruise missiles
reportedly to be upgraded to carry up to 12 Kh-101 or up to 12 Kh-SD cruise missiles [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica]
Bomb [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] theoretically compatible with various free-fall nuclear or conventional bombs, but none have yet been integrated [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica]
Other [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] unknown
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KNOWN VARIANTS: [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] Tu-160 'Blackjack-A' [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] Production strategic bomber; approximately 30 built [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] Tu-160P [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] Proposal for an interceptor armed with medium- and long-range air-to-air-missiles to escort and defend bombers; cancelled [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] Tu-160PP [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] Proposal for an electronic countermeasures model to escort bombers; cancelled [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] Tu-160SK [/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] Proposal for a commercial variant to carry a small space vehicle named Burlak underneath the fuselage to high altitude and then launch the vehicle into low-Earth orbit
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KNOWN COMBAT RECORD:
[/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] none
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KNOWN OPERATORS:
[/FONT] [FONT=arial,helvetica] Russia, Voyenno Vozdushniye Sili (Russian Air Force)
Ukraine, Voyenno Vozdushnyye Sily (Ukraine Military Air Forces)
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Voyenno[/FONT][FONT=arial,helvetica]Vozdushniye Sili (Soviet Air Force)
a eve go B-1 :[/FONT] The B-1 Lancer is an American supersonic strategic bomber with variable-sweep wings. Its origins began in the 1960s as a supersonic bomber with sufficient range and payload to replace the B-52 Stratofortress. The B-1B production version has been in service with the United States Air Force (USAF) since 1986. The Lancer serves as the supersonic-capable component of the United States's long-range bomber force with the B-52 and the B-2 Spirit. As with several official popular names, the Lancer is commonly called the Bone within the USAF. With the retirement of the EF-111 Raven in 1998, and the F-14 Tomcat in 2006, the B-1B is the last swing-wing aircraft remaining in the U.S. inventory.
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