pa sto pravam celo vreme bre?..
proveruvam..Arvan od Kavkaz do Mongolija..
sakas muzika a?..
eve muzicari..
Ensemble Tumbash "Ayalguu - Vol. I" - Traditional songs of Mongolia
Garyn arvan khuruu - love song
neznam samo dali e otsvireno na arpa..
АЈ ПРОВЕРИ ГО И ОВА...
Bulgaria
A
European kingdom in the northeastern part of the Balkan Peninsula, bounded by the Black Sea, the Rhodope Mountains,
Servia, and the Danube; it embraces an area of 37,200 sq. m. The population according to the census of 1900 numbers 3,744,283, divided according to religion into 3,019,296 Greek Orthodox, 28,579
Catholics of the
Latin Rite and
Uniat Greeks, 4524
Protestants, 13,809 Gregorian
Armenians, 33,663
Jews, 643,300
Mohammedans, and 1112 of other
creeds; according to nationality into 2,887,860 Bulgarians, 539,656
Turks, 89,549 Gypsies, 75,223 Rumanians, 70,887 Greeks, 32,753
Jews, 18,856 Tatars, 13,926
Armenians, and 15,741 of other nationalities. The number of inhabitants in 1905 was 4,028,239.
HISTORY
At the beginning of the
Christian Era, what is now Bulgaria constituted the Roman provinces of Moesia and Thrace, a territory in which
Christianity was preached at a very early period, as
proved by the
Council of Sardica in 343. During the migratory period
Slavic races pushed forward into this region. Some
time after the middle of the seventh century, the Bulgars, a people of Hunnic and Finnic stock, who had been driven from their habitations on the Volga as far as the Lower Danube, began to make incursions into Moesia and Thrace. Completing their conquest of the country in a
war with the
Byzantine Empire, they founded an independent kingdom about 680. The Bulgars gradually became amalgamated with the former inhabitants, adopting the nationality and language of the latter, but giving their own name to the ethnographic mixture. The new State often came into conflict with the neighbouring
Byzantine Empire, to which, however, in 718, it lent its support against the
Arabs. Prince Boris, or Bogoris (844-845 or 852-888), d. 907), accepted
Christianity for political reasons and was
baptized in 864 or the beginning of 865; he first negotiated with
Pope Nicholas I for the
creation of a Bulgarian
hierarchy, but in the end joined the
Byzantine Church. During the reign of his younger son Symeon (893-927) the ancient Bulgarian State reached the
[COLOR=blue ! important][FONT=verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif][COLOR=blue ! important][FONT=verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif]zenith[/FONT][/FONT][/COLOR][/COLOR] of its prosperity; its territories extended from the Danube to the Rhodope Mountains and from the Black Sea to the Ionian Sea. In 917 Symeon assumed the title of Tsar, and in 924 compelled Byzantium to recognize theBulgarian
Church as an autocephalous
patriarchate, with its seat at Ochrida or
Achrida. Under his son Peter (927-969) the kingdom began to decline; during the reign of Shishman I the western part proclaimed its independence; two years after Peter's death the eastern section was pledged to the Eastern Empire. The western part, not able to preserve its autonomy, went to pieces in 1018 under the repeated attacks of the Emperor Basil II, surnamed Bulgaroktonos (the slayer of theBulgarians). Though Basil left the Bulgarian
Church its autonomy, the
Metropolitans of
Achrida were no longer styled Patriarchs, but
Archbishops, and after 1025 were chosen from the Greek
clergy, instead of the Bulgarian.
After several futile uprisings against the oppressive Byzantine rule, a fresh Bulgarian insurrection took place about 1185. Two brothers, Peter and Ivan Asen, assumed the
[COLOR=blue ! important][FONT=verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif][COLOR=blue ! important][FONT=verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif]leadership[/FONT][/FONT][/COLOR][/COLOR], threw off the Byzantine yoke and re-established Symeon's empire. On their death (1197) their youngest brother Kaloyan, or Ivanitza, ruled alone until 1207; he entered into negotiations with the
Holy See, promised to recognize the spiritual supremacy of the
pope, and in November, 1204, was
crowned with the royal diadem by Cardinal Leo,
legate of
Pope Innocent III. At the same time Archbishop Basil of Tirnovo was
consecrated Primate of Bulgaria. This new Bulgarian
Church embraced eight
dioceses, Tirnovo being the
primatial see, but the union with
Rome was not of long duration. The new empire soon came into conflict with the recently founded Latin Empire (1204) of Constantinople; the Greeks fanned the dissensions in order to gain the Bulgarians over to their side. King Ivan Asen II (1218-41) formed an alliance with Emperor Vatatzes against the Latin Empire (1234), and again joined the
Greek Church, which thereupon solemnly recognized the autonomy of the
Church of Tirnovo (1235). Since that
time, with the exception of brief intervals, the Bulgarian
Church has persisted in
schism. In 1236
Pope Gregory IX pronounced
sentence of
excommunication on Asen II, and in 1238 had a
Crusade preached against Bulgaria. The history of the following period shows a succession of struggles with the Greeks, the
Servians, and the
Hungarians, of internal
wars for the possession of the throne, and of religious disturbances, as, for instance, those consequent on the spread of the Bogomili and the
Hesychasts, all of which weakened the State.
И ОВИЕ БУГАРИТЕ НАСЕЛЕНИ НА БАЛКАНОТ... the Bulgars, a people of Hunnic and Finnic stock, who had been driven from their habitations on the Volga as far as the Lower Danube, began to make incursions into Moesia and Thrace.