Дали генетски може да се определи нација? Не!
Може само да се определи етногенеза на нацијата. На пример во Македонската нација сведоци сме дека има асимилација на Власи,Православни Албанци,Срби итн.
Нациите се модерна креација.
Ова го одбрав..не завлегувајќи во јајцеглавите и антропологиите.
American Indian DNA
Native American DNA
NATIVE AMERICAN Ancestry
It is really strange but, nobody else in the United States has to prove their ancestry except for Native Americans…and we were here first.
How do I get do I get tested to prove that I have American Indian blood?
This is quite a common question today. Fortunately, there is a simple answer. You no longer have to go to a doctor’s office or a clinical lab to have your blood drawn and then have it tested to prove that you are part of an American Indian. Now, there is a simple DNA test you can take by swabbing the inside of your cheek with a special swab. The swab is then returned to the DNA testing lab for analysis. This only takes a minute and can be done in the privacy of you own home. You can find more information on DNA testing labs and how and where to get free DNA testing kits below.
Advances in modern DNA testing have provided new tools to document Native American ancestry. If you are interested in establishing your eligibility for Native American rights or just want to satisfy your curiosity, DNA testing may be the only method available for this purpose.
Is it important to establish membership in a Tribe?
Nineteenth-century treaties with Native American tribes, obligate the U.S. government to provide such things as education, health care and other services and benefits to many of the tribes. The important issue of Indian sovereignty also means tribes can set up casinos on reservations. Indian casinos now generate over $18 billion annually, and the numbers are growing. As you know, the many tribes also has extensive oil holdings, mineral rights, fishing and agricultural rights which produce substantial income.
There are 562 federally recognized Native American tribes. Many of these tribes have set membership standards that say a person must have at least one of the following; an Indian parent, or a grandparent, or a great-grandparent in order to receive membership..
What DNA testing can do.
DNA science today is very exciting. We can now solve crimes based on DNA results from a single hair. We can clone sheep and even the family pet. One of the most interesting areas being investigated is the relationship between genetics, genealogy and ethnicity. In Utah, there is a joint venture between Brigham Young University and the Sorensen DNA Project where a study is underway to try and create a genetically based “world family tree” that will link everyone together based on their DNA. We now have a lot of information about the genetic traits of Native Americans and Native American tribes. It appears that there are certain
"Native American" genetic markers. Scientists believe that if a person has these genetic markers in their DNA, they are most likely of Native American blood.
There are two ways to determine if you have Native American heritage or blood using DNA testing. First method is by measuring your mitochondrial DNA and the second method is by measuring your Y-chromosome DNA.
Mitochondrial DNA is passed to both men and women by your mother. So, generally this means that if your mother is Native American you will test positive for the Native American genetic markers. The problem with this is that is may give a “false negative” for persons of mixed blood. The reason is that if your mother inherited her Native American blood from her father rather then her mother, than she will not carry the Native American genetic marker and neither will you.
In order for this test to give a true positive, you must have an unbroken maternal line (mother to mother to mother relationship). This does not mean that your mother, grandmother and great-grandmother need to be “full blooded” Native Americans, they just have to have some Native American blood.
What is Native American mitochondrial DNA?
The mitochondrial DNA test also known as the mtDNA test, tests for the genetic markers are known as Haplogroups. These markers provide the most accurate genetic information from the maternal line. Most people with Indian blood can be classified into one of five of these haploid groupings: They are the A, B, C, D, or X groups. These Haplogroups represent separate geographic Native American populations. For example:
* The A Haplogroup occurs most frequently in the Arctic/Subarctic areas of North America; it is almost nonexistent among the non-Athapaskan-speaking peoples in the Southwestern areas.
* The B Haplogroup occurs most frequently in the Southwestern part of North America.
* The C Haplogroup occurs most frequently in Eastern parts of North America.
* The D Haplogroup occurs most frequently among peoples from the Western parts North America.
* And, the X Haplogroup occurs most frequently among Algonquian speaking peoples in the North Central and Great Lakes Regions.
Test can be performed with a high degree of reliability and accurcay, because these haplogroups are extremely uncommon outside Native American populations. Also, the test's ability to locate the specific region of origin of an individual's American Indian ancestry, has added a great deal of value to those doing Indian genealogy research.
What is Native American Y-chromosome DNA?
The Y-chromosome markers which carry the genetic information. Is passed from father to son. The Y-chromosome, like the mtDNA Haplogroups, contains certain portions of Haplogroups Q, P, and F that are specific to males with Native American blood or ancestry. If an individual tests positive for any one of these indicators, then the DNA test is taken a step further to provide more descriptive results as to geographic region or tribal origin.
DNA Labs and Free Native American testing kits.
It is very important to understand that not all DNA testing companies are created equal. Most of the DNA companies you see advertised just collect the DNA samples and do not do the testing.
In my opinion, you are better off in having your test done by the lab directly. You can save money and get your results back faster. One of the oldest and most reliable Native American DNA testing labs is IdentiGene DNA Testing. You can click on their link to see more information or to order a Free Native American DNA test kit. They are located in Utah and specialize in Native American testing.
Conclusion
DNA testing can help you establish your membership in most of the 562 federally recognized American Indian Tribes. It is also a great help in researching your family history. Knowing your family history will give your children and grandchildren pride in their heritage.
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