Bugarite = HUNI
The
history of Bulgaria began in the
7th century CE 7th century - 8th century
600s 610s 620s 630s 640s 650s 660s 670s 680s 690s
Events
Islam starts in Arabia, the Qur'an is written, and Syria, Iraq, Persia, North Africa and Central Asia convert to Islam.
Sutton Hoo ship burial, East Anglia (modern England)
Xuan Zang (aka Hsuan-Tsang) travelled from China to India, before returning to Chang An in China to translate Buddhist scriptures.
with the arrival of the
Bulgars Bulgars (also
Bolgars or
proto-Bulgarians) a people of Central Asia, probably originally Pamirian, whose branches became Slavicized and Turkic over time. The Turkic etymology most often given for their name is
Bulgha meaning
sable and is of totemistic origin. History Migration to Europe
in the
Balkans Balkans is the historic and geographic name used to describe southeastern Europe (see the Definitions and boundaries section below). The region has a combined area of 728,000 km² and a population of around 53 million.
The region takes its name from the Balkan mountains which run through the centre of Bulgaria into eastern Serbia.
The Bulgars had been moving northwest across the
Caucasus The
Caucasus , a region bordering Asia Minor, is located between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea which includes the Caucasus mountains and surrounding lowlands. The highest peak is Mount Elbrus (5642m).
The nations that comprise today's Caucasus include Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and parts of Russia. and what is now southern
Russia Russian Federation (Russian: Росси́јскаја Федера́ција, transliteration:
Rossiyskaya Federatsiya or
Rossijskaja Federacija), or
Russia (Russian: Росси́ја, transliteration:
Rossiya or
Rossija), is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of Europe and Asia.and
Ukraine Ukraine (Ukrainian: Україна,
Ukraina,
their origin is not entirely clear. The established theory is that the
Bulgars are related to the Huns Hun is a term that refers specifically to a group of Central Asian nomads of East Asia, who appear in Europe in the 4th century. It has become a general term meant to refer to any number of Central Asian equestrian nomads or semi-nomads. Most of these peoples are recorded by neighboring countries to the East south and west to have occupied Central Asia from the late 1st century CE to the mid 5th century CE. and more distantly the Turks. However, this position is increasingly being challenged by a theory claiming
Aryan Aryan is an English word derived from the Indian Vedic Sanskrit and Iranian Avestan terms
ari-,
arya-,
ārya-, and/or the extended form
aryāna-. The Old Persian (Iranian)
ariya- is a cognate as well. Beyond its use as the ethnic self-designation of the Proto-Indo-Iranians, there is no certainty as to what it may have originally meant.
-Pamirian origin for the Bulgars. Clues for this can be found in the advanced calendar and system of government of the early Bulgars.
The Bulgars were governed by hereditary khans Khan (sometimes spelled as
xan,
han) is a title meaning
ruler in Mongolian and Turkish. Political KhansA khan controls a
khanate. Whenever appropriate, it is also translated as king. For the higher, rather imperial title Khagan ("Khan of Khans") , see that article The title
Khan was among numerous titles used by the sultans of the Ottoman empire as well as the rulers of the Golden Horde and its descendant state.
There were several artistocratic families whose members, bearing military titles, formed a governing class. Bulgars were
monotheistic Monotheism (in Greek
monon = single and
Theos = God) is the belief in a single, universal, all-encompassing deity. TypesVarious forms of monotheism exist, including: Theism, a term that refers to the belief in the existence of a god or divine being.
Deism is a form of monotheism in which it is believed that one god exists.
, worshipping the Sun and a life-force. Later in the beginning in the
8th century 8th century - 9th century
700s 710s 720s 730s 740s 750s 760s 770s 780s 790s
Events The Iberian peninsula is conquered by Arab and Berber Muslims, thus ending the Visigothic rule, and starting almost eight centuries of Muslim presence there.
- Sometime this century, Beowulf is probably composed.
the Bulgars in
Volga Bulgaria Volga Bulgaria or
Volga-Kama Bolghar, is a historic state that existed between the 7th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers in what is now the Russian Federation. Today, Republics of Tatarstan and Chuvashia are considered to be descendants of Bulgaria in terms of territory and ethnicity. converted to
Islam Muslims, believe that God (or, in Arabic,
Allāh) revealed his direct word for mankind to Muhammad (c. 570–632) and other prophets, including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus). Muslims assert that the main written record of revelation to humankind is the Qur'an, which they believe to be flawless, immutable, and the final revelation of God. Muslims believe that parts of the Gospels, Torah and Jewish prophetic books have been forgotten, misinterpreted, or distorted by their followers. With that perspective, Muslims view the Qur'an as corrective of Jewish and Christian scriptures.
. The Bulgars were warlike and spent much time on
horseback Scientific classification style="text-align:center;" |
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Perissodactyla
Family: Equidae
Genus:
Equus
Species:
E. caballus style="text-align:center;" ! style="background: pink;" |
Binomial name style="text-align:center;" |
Equus caballus
, raiding neighboring tribes.
In the
6th 6th century - 7th century
500s 510s 520s 530s 540s 550s 560s 570s 580s 590s
Events
- The first academy of the east the Academy of Gundeshapur founded in Iran by Khosrau I of Persia.
and
7th century 7th century - 8th century
600s 610s 620s 630s 640s 650s 660s 670s 680s 690s
Events
- Islam starts in Arabia, the Qur'an is written, and Syria, Iraq, Persia, North Africa and Central Asia convert to Islam.
- Sutton Hoo ship burial, East Anglia (modern England)
- Xuan Zang (aka Hsuan-Tsang) travelled from China to India, before returning to Chang An in China to translate Buddhist scriptures
,
the Bulgars had lived on the northern coast of the Black Sea Black Sea (known as the Euxine Sea in antiquity) is an inland sea between southeastern Europe and Asia Minor. It is connected to the Mediterranean Sea by the Bosporus and the Sea of Marmara, and to the Sea of Azov by the Strait of Kerch.
There is a net inflow of seawater through the Bosporus, 200 km³ per year. There is an inflow of freshwater from the surrounding areas, especially central and middle-eastern Europe, totalling 320 km³ per year. The most important river entering the Black Sea is the Danube. The Black Sea has an area of 422,000 km² and a maximum depth of 2210 m.
. Under pressure from peoples further east (such as the
Khazars Khazars were a semi-nomadic Turkic people from Central Asia, many of whom converted to Judaism. The name 'Khazar' seems to be tied to a Turkic verb meaning "wandering". In the 7th century CE they founded an independent Khaganate in the Northern Caucasus along the Caspian Sea, where over time Judaism became the state religion. At their height, they and their tributaries controlled much of what is today southern Russia, western Kazakhstan, eastern Ukraine, Azerbaijan, and the Crimea.
one confederation of Bulgars, the Kutriguri, moved into the territory which is now
Romania Romania (formerly also spelled
Rumania or
Roumania; Romanian: România) is a country in Europe. It is bordered by Ukraine and Moldova in the northeast; Hungary in the west; Serbia and Bulgaria to the south along the Danube River. Romania has a stretch of sea coast on the Black Sea and the eastern and southern Carpathian mountains run through its centre.Events
August 9 - The Bulgars win the war with the Byzantine Empire; the latter signs a peace treaty, which is considered as the birth-date of Bulgaria
Wilfrid of York is expelled from Northumbria by Ecgfrith and retires into Sussex BirthsDeaths , they had crossed the
Danube Danube (
Donau in German;
Dunaj in Slovak;
Donava in Slovene;
Duna in Hungarian;
Dunav in Croatian and Serbian;
Dunav or Дунав in Bulgarian;
Dunăre in Romanian;
Дунај (Dunay) in Ukrainian) is Europe's second-longest river (after the Volga).
into what is now Bulgaria. The Utiguri Bulgars settled on the Volga, where they converted to Islam and maintained an independent state until the
13th century 13th century - 14th century
1200s 1210s 1220s 1230s 1240s 1250s 1260s 1270s 1280s 1290s
As a means of recording the passage of time, the
13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. In the history of European culture, this period is considered part of the High Middle Ages.
Although this is the most widely recognized presence of the Bulgar tribes on the Balkan peninsula, there is strong evidence of their presence before the 7th century. One example is the Bulgar invasion on
Constantinople Constantinople [1] was once the name of the modern city of İstanbul in Turkey. It was located between the Golden Horn and the Sea of Marmara. NameThe name is a reference to its founder, the Roman emperor Constantine the Great. He made it a second capital of the Roman Empire on May 11, AD 330, naming the city
Nova Roma (New Rome). during the reign of emperor
Justinian Justinian II, known as
Rhinotmetus (the Split-nosed) (669-711) was Byzantine emperor from 685 to 695 and again from 704 to 711. He succeeded his father, Constantine IV, at the age of sixteen. First reignHis reign was unhappy both at home and abroad. After a successful invasion he made a truce with the Arabs, granting them joint possession of Armenia, Iberia and Cyprus. By removing 12,000 Christian Maronites from their native Lebanon, he gave the Arabs command over Asia Minor, leading to their conquest of Armenia in 692.
:lud: :pop: :pishtoldz