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Stories of artificial helpers and companions and attempts to create them have a long history.
In 1837, the story of the Golem of Prague, a humanoid artificial intelligence activated by inscribing Hebrew letters on its forehead, based on Jewish folklore, was created by Jewish German writer
Berthold Auerbach for his novel Spinoza.
In 1921, Czech writer
Karel Čapek introduced the word "robot" in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots). The word "robot" comes from the word "robota", meaning, in Czech, "forced labour, drudgery". [1]
In 1927, the Maschinenmensch (“machine-human”), a gynoid humanoid robot, also called "Parody", "Futura", "Robotrix", or the "Maria impersonator" (played by German actress Brigitte Helm), the first and perhaps the most memorable depiction of a robot ever to appear on film, was depicted in Fritz Lang's film Metropolis.
In 1942,
Isaac Asimov formulated the Three Laws of Robotics, and in the process of doing so, coined the word "robotics" (see details in "Etymology" section below).
In 1948,
Norbert Weiner formulated the principles of cybernetics, the basis of practical robotics.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics#History